@article{Bregni2025,

title = {EORTC consensus recommendations on the optimal management of colorectal cancer liver metastases},

author = {Giacomo Bregni and Richard Adams and Reto Bale and Maria A Bali and Irene Bargellini and Lennart Blomqvist and Gina Brown and Chiara Cremolini and Pieter Demetter and Timm Denecke and Anthony Dohan and Cristina Dopazo and Elena Elez and Serge Evrard and Roger Feakins and Matthias Guckenberger and Marianne Gronlie Guren and Maria Hawkins and Anne Hoorens and Emmanuel Huguet and Martijn Intven and Thibaud Koessler and Wolfgang G Kunz and Florian Lordick and Valerio Lucidi and Andreas H Mahnken and Hassan Malik and Philippe Martinive and Murielle Mauer and Alejandra Méndez Romero and Iris Nagtegaal and Franco Orsi and Wim JG Oyen and Olivier Pellerin and Marco Rengo and Jens Ricke and Alexis Ricoeur and Angela Riddell and Maxime Ronot and Marta Scorsetti and Jenny Seligmann and Christine Sempoux and Kieran Sheahan and Stefan Stättner and Magali Svrcek and Julien Taieb and Nick West and Lucjan Wyrwicz and Christoph J Zech and Markus Moehler and Francesco Sclafani},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105001556078&doi=10.1016%2fj.ctrv.2025.102926&partnerID=40&md5=752635eccd5275a4f585337b57bcd8c8},

doi = {10.1016/j.ctrv.2025.102926},

issn = {03057372},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

urldate = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Cancer Treatment Reviews},

volume = {136},

publisher = {W.B. Saunders Ltd},

abstract = {Patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases have long represented a unique and thoroughly investigated population. Nevertheless, the optimal management of these is still controversial with a number of open questions which are only partially addressed by available studies and existing guidelines. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Group (GITCG) sought to fill this knowledge gap and promoted the development of a European consensus on this subject. By using the Delphi methodology and leveraging a multidisciplinary team of 43 international experts, including gastrointestinal oncologists, hepatobiliary surgeons, interventional radiologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians and pathologists from 12 European countries, 34 practical recommendations and two consensus statements were proposed. These cover varying aspects of the optimal management of colorectal cancer liver metastases such as baseline imaging, selection criteria for liver-directed therapies, treatment strategies, assessment of treatment response, follow-up, care delivery, clinical research and future perspectives. This roadmap document is intended to complement national and international guidelines, and to provide practical guidance for clinicians and multidisciplinary teams, ultimately promoting practice standardisation, optimal management and better patient outcomes across Europe. Also, it provides a unique opportunity to highlight grey areas and unmet needs, and to give a strategic direction to future research in the field by identifying topics where there is no consensus among experts. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {Cited by: 2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Yohanathan2025,

title = {Assessment and treatment considerations for patients with colorectal liver metastases: AHPBA consensus guideline and update for surgeons},

author = {Lavanya Yohanathan and Asmita Chopra and Kerri Simo and Thomas E. Clancy and Amit Khithani and Daniel A. Anaya and Felipe A. Maegawa and Mohd Sheikh and Mustafa Raoof and Michael Jacobs and Essa Aleassa and Marcio Boff and Benjamin Ferguson and Clara Tan-Tam and Emily Winslow and Motaz Qadan and Michael I. D'Angelica},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85215594531&doi=10.1016%2fj.hpb.2024.12.006&partnerID=40&md5=45d30b1c44c9c62be26050f94e2b3dde},

doi = {10.1016/j.hpb.2024.12.006},

issn = {1365182X},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

urldate = {2025-01-01},

journal = {HPB},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Background: Colorectal cancer most commonly metastasizes to the liver. While various treatment strategies have been developed, surgical management of these patients has vital implications on the prognosis and survival of this group of patients. There remains a need for a consensus guideline regarding the surgical evaluation and management of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Methods: This review article is a consensus guideline established by the members of the AHPBA Professional Standards Committee, as an amalgamation of existent literature and a guide to surgeons managing this complex disease. Results: These guidelines reports the benefits and shortcomings of various diagnostic modalities including imaging and next-generation sequencing in the management of patients with CRLM. While surgery has established survival benefits in patients with resectable disease, this report notes the importance of treatment sequencing with non-surgical modalities as well as between colon and liver resection. Finally, the guidelines address the various treatment modalities for patients with unresectable disease, that may have significant impact on survival. Conclusion: CRLM is a complex diagnosis which warrants multidisciplinary approach with early surgical involvement in both assessment and management of the disease, to optimize patient outcomes and survival. © 2024 International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association Inc.},

note = {Cited by: 0},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Siriwardena20231161,

title = {Multisocietal European consensus on the terminology, diagnosis, and management of patients with synchronous colorectal cancer and liver metastases: an E-AHPBA consensus in partnership with ESSO, ESCP, ESGAR, and CIRSE},

author = {Ajith K. Siriwardena and Alejandro Serrablo and Åsmund Avdem Fretland and Stephen J. Wigmore and Jose Manuel Ramia-Angel and Hassan Z. Malik and Stefan Stättner and Kjetil Søreide and Oded Zmora and Martijn Meijerink and Nikolaos Kartalis and Mickaёl Lesurtel and Kees Verhoef and Anita Balakrishnan and Thomas Gruenberger and Eduard Jonas and John Devar and Saurabh Jamdar and Robert Jones and Mohammad Abu Hilal and Bodil Andersson and Karim Boudjema and Saifee Mullamitha and Laurents Stassen and Bobby V. M. Dasari and Adam E. Frampton and Luca Aldrighetti and Gianluca Pellino and Pamela Buchwald and Bengi Gürses and Nir Wasserberg and Birgit Gruenberger and Harry V. M. Spiers and William Jarnagin and Jean-Nicholas Vauthey and Norihiro Kokudo and Sabine Tejpar and Andres Valdivieso and René Adam and Hauke Lang and Martin Smith and Michelle L. deOliveira and Anya Adair and Stefan Gilg and Rutger-Jan Swijnenburg and Joris Jaekers and Santhalingam Jegatheeswaran and Carlijn Buis and Rowan Parks and Maximilian Bockhorn and Thierry Conroy and Panagiotis Petras and Florian Primavesi and Anthony K. C. Chan and Federica Cipriani and Laura Rubbia-Brandt and Lucy Foster and Amr Abdelaal and Sheraz Yaqub and Nuh Rahbari and Constantino Fondevila and Manuel Abradelo and Niels F. M. Kok and Luis Tejedor and Dario Martinez-Baena and Daniel Azoulay and Manuel Maglione and Mario Serradilla-Martín and José Azevedo and Fabrizio Romano and Pål-Dag Line and Teresa Abadía Forcén and Yves Panis and Nicolas Stylianides and Reto Bale and Emilio Quaia and Nuha Yassin and Victoria Duque and Eloy Espin-Basany and Jarno Mellenhorst and Adam Rees and Ademola Adeyeye and Jurriaan B. Tuynman and Constantinos Simillis and Sarah Duff and Richard Wilson and Paola De Nardi and Gabriella Jansson Palmer and Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria and Teresa Perra and Alberto Porcu and Nicolò Tamini and Michael E. Kelly and Islam Metwally and Stefan Morarasu and Fabio Carbone and Mercedes Estaire-Gómez and Elena Martin Perez and Jennifer Seligmann and Simon Gollins and Michael Braun and Amelia Hessheimer and Vincente Alonso and Ganesh Radhakrishna and Noreen Alam and Constantinos Camposorias and Jorge Barriuoso and Paul Ross and Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah and Sivakumar Muthu and Rafik Filobbos and Vinotha Nadarajah and Annas Hattab and Claire Newton and Sharon Barker and Jill Sibbald and Jodie Hancock and Nicola Liguori Carino and Rahul Deshpande and Francesco Lancellotti and Sandra Paterna and Marta Gutierrez-Diez and Consuelo Artigas},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85167842801&doi=10.1093%2fbjs%2fznad124&partnerID=40&md5=b3b9a43b40fc7de9eeba8609690655e6},

doi = {10.1093/bjs/znad124},

issn = {00071323},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {British Journal of Surgery},

volume = {110},

number = {9},

pages = {1161 – 1170},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Background: Contemporary management of patients with synchronous colorectal cancer and liver metastases is complex. The aim of this project was to provide a practical framework for care of patients with synchronous colorectal cancer and liver metastases, with a focus on terminology, diagnosis, and management. Methods: This project was a multiorganizational, multidisciplinary consensus. The consensus group produced statements which focused on terminology, diagnosis, and management. Statements were refined during an online Delphi process, and those with 70 per cent agreement or above were reviewed at a final meeting. Iterations of the report were shared by electronic mail to arrive at a final agreed document comprising 12 key statements. Results: Synchronous liver metastases are those detected at the time of presentation of the primary tumour. The term 'early metachronous metastases' applies to those absent at presentation but detected within 12 months of diagnosis of the primary tumour, the term 'late metachronous metastases' applies to those detected after 12 months. 'Disappearing metastases' applies to lesions that are no longer detectable on MRI after systemic chemotherapy. Guidance was provided on the recommended composition of tumour boards, and clinical assessment in emergency and elective settings. The consensus focused on treatment pathways, including systemic chemotherapy, synchronous surgery, and the staged approach with either colorectal or liver-directed surgery as first step. Management of pulmonary metastases and the role of minimally invasive surgery was discussed. Conclusion: The recommendations of this contemporary consensus provide information of practical value to clinicians managing patients with synchronous colorectal cancer and liver metastases. © 2023 The Author(s).},

note = {Cited by: 21; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Siriwardena2023985,

title = {The multi-societal European consensus on the terminology, diagnosis and management of patients with synchronous colorectal cancer and liver metastases: an E-AHPBA consensus in partnership with ESSO, ESCP, ESGAR, and CIRSE},

author = {Ajith K. Siriwardena and Alejandro Serrablo and Åsmund A. Fretland and Stephen J. Wigmore and Jose M. Ramia-Angel and Hassan Z. Malik and Stefan Stättner and Kjetil Søreide and Oded Zmora and Martijn Meijerink and Nikolaos Kartalis and Mickaël Lesurtel and Cornelis Verhoef and Anita Balakrishnan and Thomas Gruenberger and Eduard Jonas and John Devar and Saurabh Jamdar and Robert Jones and Mohammad A. Hilal and Bodil Andersson and Karim Boudjema and Saifee Mullamitha and Laurents Stassen and Bobby V. M. Dasari and Adam E. Frampton and Luca Aldrighetti and Gianluca Pellino and Pamela Buchwald and Bengi Gürses and Nir Wasserberg and Birgit Gruenberger and Harry V. M. Spiers and William Jarnagin and Jean-Nicholas Vauthey and Norihiro Kokudo and Sabine Tejpar and Andres Valdivieso and René Adam and Hauke Lang and Martin Smith and Michelle L. deOliveira and Anya Adair and Stefan Gilg and Rutger-Jan Swijnenburg and Joris Jaekers and Santhalingam Jegatheeswaran and Carlijn Buis and Rowan Parks and Maximilian Bockhorn and Thierry Conroy and Panagiotis Petras and Florian Primavesi and Anthony K. C. Chan and Federica Cipriani and Laura Rubbia-Brandt and Lucy Foster and Amr Abdelaal and Sheraz Yaqub and Nuh Rahbari and Constantino Fondevila and Manuel Abradelo and Niels FM. Kok and Luis Tejedor and Dario Martinez-Baena and Daniel Azoulay and Manuel Maglione and Mario Serradilla-Martín and José Azevedo and Fabrizio Romano and Pål-Dag Line and Teresa Abadía Forcén and Yves Panis and Nicolas Stylianides and Reto Bale and Emilio Quaia and Nuha Yassin and Victoria Duque and Eloy Espin-Basany and Jarno Mellenhorst and Adam Rees and Ademola Adeyeye and Jurriaan B. Tuynman and Constantinos Simillis and Sarah Duff and Richard Wilson and Paola De Nardi and Gabriella Jansson Palmer and Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria and Teresa Perra and Alberto Porcu and Nicolò Tamini and Michael E. Kelly and Islam Metwally and Stefan Morarasu and Fabio Carbone and Mercedes Estaire-Gómez and Elena Martin Perez and Jennifer Seligmann and Simon Gollins and Michael Braun and Amelia Hessheimer and Vincente Alonso and Ganesh Radhakrishna and Noreen Alam and Constantinos Camposorias and Jorge Barriuoso and Paul Ross and Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah and Sivakumar Muthu and Rafik Filobbos and Vinotha Nadarajah and Annas Hattab and Claire Newton and Sharon Barker and Jill Sibbald and Jodie Hancock and Nicola Liguori Carino and Rahul Deshpande and Francesco Lancellotti and Sandra Paterna and Marta Gutierrez-Diez and Consuelo Artigas},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85166950821&doi=10.1016%2fj.hpb.2023.05.360&partnerID=40&md5=2080c720eb9ef9b4d460c8172e6b7cd0},

doi = {10.1016/j.hpb.2023.05.360},

issn = {1365182X},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {HPB},

volume = {25},

number = {9},

pages = {985 – 999},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Background: Contemporary management of patients with synchronous colorectal cancer and liver metastases is complex. The aim of this project was to provide a practical framework for care of patients with synchronous colorectal cancer and liver metastases with a focus on terminology, diagnosis and management. Methods: This project was a multi-organisational, multidisciplinary consensus. The consensus group produced statements which focused on terminology, diagnosis and management. Statements were refined during an online Delphi process and those with 70% agreement or above were reviewed at a final meeting. Iterations of the report were shared by electronic mail to arrive at a final agreed document comprising twelve key statements. Results: Synchronous liver metastases are those detected at the time of presentation of the primary tumour. The term “early metachronous metastases” applies to those absent at presentation but detected within 12 months of diagnosis of the primary tumour with “late metachronous metastases” applied to those detected after 12 months. Disappearing metastases applies to lesions which are no longer detectable on MR scan after systemic chemotherapy. Guidance was provided on the recommended composition of tumour boards and clinical assessment in emergency and elective settings. The consensus focused on treatment pathways including systemic chemotherapy, synchronous surgery and the staged approach with either colorectal or liver-directed surgery as first step. Management of pulmonary metastases and the role of minimally invasive surgery was discussed. Conclusions: The recommendations of this contemporary consensus provide information of practical value to clinicians managing patients with synchronous colorectal cancer and liver metastases. © 2023 The Author(s)},

note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: ASCO Guideline},

author = {Morris, Van K. and Kennedy, Erin B. and Baxter, Nancy N. and Benson, Al B. and Cercek, Andrea and Cho, May and Ciombor, Kristen K. and Cremolini, Chiara and Davis, Anjee and Deming, Dustin A. and Fakih, Marwan G. and Gholami, Sepideh and Hong, Theodore S. and Jaiyesimi, Ishmael and Klute, Kelsey and Lieu, Christopher and Sanoff, Hanna and Strickler, John H. and White, Sarah and Willis, Jason A. and Eng, Cathy},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.22.01690},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-17},

journal = {Journal of Clinical Oncology},

volume = {0},

number = {0},

pages = {JCO.22.01690},

abstract = {PURPOSETo develop recommendations for treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).METHODSASCO convened an Expert Panel to conduct a systematic review of relevant studies and develop recommendations for clinical practice.RESULTSFive systematic reviews and 10 randomized controlled trials met the systematic review inclusion criteria.RECOMMENDATIONSDoublet chemotherapy should be offered, or triplet therapy may be offered to patients with previously untreated, initially unresectable mCRC, on the basis of included studies of chemotherapy in combination with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor antibodies. In the first-line setting, pembrolizumab is recommended for patients with mCRC and microsatellite instability-high or deficient mismatch repair tumors; chemotherapy and anti–epidermal growth factor receptor therapy is recommended for microsatellite stable or proficient mismatch repair left-sided treatment-naive RAS wild-type mCRC; chemotherapy and anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is recommended for microsatellite stable or proficient mismatch repair RAS wild-type right-sided mCRC. Encorafenib plus cetuximab is recommended for patients with previously treated BRAF V600E–mutant mCRC that has progressed after at least one previous line of therapy. Cytoreductive surgery plus systemic chemotherapy may be recommended for selected patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases; however, the addition of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is not recommended. Stereotactic body radiation therapy may be recommended following systemic therapy for patients with oligometastases of the liver who are not considered candidates for resection. Selective internal radiation therapy is not routinely recommended for patients with unilobar or bilobar metastases of the liver. Perioperative chemotherapy or surgery alone should be offered to patients with mCRC who are candidates for potentially curative resection of liver metastases. Multidisciplinary team management and shared decision making are recommended. Qualifying statements with further details related to implementation of guideline recommendations are also included.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/gastrointestinal-cancer-guidelines.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bonney2021933,

title = {Liver transplantation for non-resectable colorectal liver metastases: the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association consensus guidelines},

author = {Glenn K Bonney and Claire Alexandra Chew and Peter Lodge and Joleen Hubbard and Karim J Halazun and Pavel Trunecka and Paolo Muiesan and Darius F Mirza and John Isaac and Richard W Laing and Shridhar Ganpathi Iyer and Cheng Ean Chee and Wei Peng Yong and Mark Dhinesh Muthiah and Fabrizio Panaro and Juan Sanabria and Axel Grothey and Keymanthri Moodley and Ian Chau and Albert C Y Chan and Chih Chi Wang and Krishna Menon and Gonzalo Sapisochin and Morten Hagness and Svein Dueland and Pål-Dag Line and René Adam},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118286479&doi=10.1016%2fS2468-1253%2821%2900219-3&partnerID=40&md5=9b219dcb9dacf8eff95470bcd6427b88},

doi = {10.1016/S2468-1253(21)00219-3},

issn = {24681253},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology},

volume = {6},

number = {11},

pages = {933 – 946},

publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},

abstract = {Colorectal cancer is a prevalent disease worldwide, with more than 50% of patients developing metastases to the liver. Despite advances in improving resectability, most patients present with non-resectable colorectal liver metastases requiring palliative systemic therapy and locoregional disease control strategies. There is a growing interest in the use of liver transplantation to treat non-resectable colorectal liver metastases in well selected patients, leading to a surge in the number of studies and prospective trials worldwide, thereby fuelling the emerging field of transplant oncology. The interdisciplinary nature of this field requires domain-specific evidence and expertise to be drawn from multiple clinical specialities and the basic sciences. Importantly, the wider societal implication of liver transplantation for non-resectable colorectal liver metastases, such as the effect on the allocation of resources and national transplant waitlists, should be considered. To address the urgent need for a consensus approach, the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association commissioned the Liver Transplantation for Colorectal liver Metastases 2021 working group, consisting of international leaders in the areas of hepatobiliary surgery, colorectal oncology, liver transplantation, hepatology, and bioethics. The aim of this study was to standardise nomenclature and define management principles in five key domains: patient selection, evaluation of biological behaviour, graft selection, recipient considerations, and outcomes. An extensive literature review was done within the five domains identified. Between November, 2020, and January, 2021, a three-step modified Delphi consensus process was undertaken by the workgroup, who were further subgrouped into the Scientific Committee, Expert Panel, and Transplant Centre Representatives. A final consensus of 44 statements, standardised nomenclature, and a practical management algorithm is presented. Specific criteria for clinico-patho-radiological assessments with molecular profiling is crucial in this setting. After this, the careful evaluation of biological behaviour with bridging therapy to transplantation with an appropriate assessment of the response is required. The sequencing of treatment in synchronous metastatic disease requires special consideration and is highlighted here. Some ethical dilemmas within organ allocation for malignant indications are discussed and the role for extended criteria grafts, living donor transplantation, and machine perfusion technologies for non-resectable colorectal liver metastases are reviewed. Appropriate immunosuppressive regimens and strategies for the follow-up and treatment of recurrent disease are proposed. This consensus guideline provides a framework by which liver transplantation for non-resectable colorectal liver metastases might be safely instituted and is a meaningful step towards future evidenced-based practice for better patient selection and organ allocation to improve the survival for patients with this disease. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {Cited by: 12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rocca20211247,

title = {The Italian Consensus on minimally invasive simultaneous resections for synchronous liver metastasis and primary colorectal cancer: A Delphi methodology},

author = {Aldo Rocca and Federica Cipriani and Giulio Belli and Stefano Berti and Ugo Boggi and Vincenzo Bottino and Umberto Cillo and Matteo Cescon and Matteo Cimino and Francesco Corcione and Luciano De Carlis and Maurizio Degiuli and Paolo De Paolis and Agostino Maria De Rose and Domenico D’Ugo and Fabrizio Di Benedetto and Ugo Elmore and Giorgio Ercolani and Giuseppe M. Ettorre and Alessandro Ferrero and Marco Filauro and Felice Giuliante and Salvatore Gruttadauria and Alfredo Guglielmi and Francesco Izzo and Elio Jovine and Andrea Laurenzi and Francesco Marchegiani and Pierluigi Marini and Marco Massani and Vincenzo Mazzaferro and Michela Mineccia and Francesco Minni and Andrea Muratore and Simone Nicosia and Riccardo Pellicci and Riccardo Rosati and Nadia Russolillo and Antonino Spinelli and Gaya Spolverato and Guido Torzilli and Giovanni Vennarecci and Luca Viganò and Leonardo Vincenti and Paolo Delrio and Fulvio Calise and Luca Aldrighetti},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107490475&doi=10.1007%2fs13304-021-01100-9&partnerID=40&md5=ceddca9589f92a6e3c8b2ac09a1e442a},

doi = {10.1007/s13304-021-01100-9},

issn = {2038131X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Updates in Surgery},

volume = {73},

number = {4},

pages = {1247 – 1265},

publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

abstract = {At the time of diagnosis synchronous colorectal cancer, liver metastases (SCRLM) account for 15–25% of patients. If primary tumour and synchronous liver metastases are resectable, good results may be achieved performing surgical treatment incorporated into the chemotherapy regimen. So far, the possibility of simultaneous minimally invasive (MI) surgery for SCRLM has not been extensively investigated. The Italian surgical community has captured the need and undertaken the effort to establish a National Consensus on this topic. Four main areas of interest have been analysed: patients’ selection, procedures, techniques, and implementations. To establish consensus, an adapted Delphi method was used through as many reiterative rounds were needed. Systematic literature reviews were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses instructions. The Consensus took place between February 2019 and July 2020. Twenty-six Italian centres participated. Eighteen clinically relevant items were identified. After a total of three Delphi rounds, 30-tree recommendations reached expert consensus establishing the herein presented guidelines. The Italian Consensus on MI surgery for SCRLM indicates possible pathways to optimise the treatment for these patients as consensus papers express a trend that is likely to become shortly a standard procedure for clinical pictures still on debate. As matter of fact, no RCT or relevant case series on simultaneous treatment of SCRLM are available in the literature to suggest guidelines. It remains to be investigated whether the MI technique for the simultaneous treatment of SCRLM maintain the already documented benefit of the two separate surgeries. © 2021, Italian Society of Surgery (SIC).},

note = {Cited by: 8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Vera2020647,

title = {Multidisciplinary management of liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer: a consensus of SEOM, AEC, SEOR, SERVEI, and SEMNIM},

author = {R. Vera and E. González-Flores and C. Rubio and J. Urbano and M. Valero Camps and J. J. Ciampi-Dopazo and J. Orcajo Rincón and V. Morillo Macías and M. A. Gomez Braco and G. Suarez-Artacho},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069971361&doi=10.1007%2fs12094-019-02182-z&partnerID=40&md5=2b2cb8d537344d766bd9773b8da6acc7},

doi = {10.1007/s12094-019-02182-z},

issn = {1699048X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Clinical and Translational Oncology},

volume = {22},

number = {5},

pages = {647 – 662},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the second-highest tumor incidence and is a leading cause of death by cancer. Nearly 20% of patients with CRC will have metastases at the time of diagnosis, and more than 50% of patients with CRC develop metastatic disease during the course of their disease. A group of experts from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology, the Spanish Association of Surgeons, the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology, the Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, and the Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging met to discuss and provide a multidisciplinary consensus on the management of liver metastases in patients with CRC. The group defined the different scenarios in which the disease can present: fit or unfit patients with resectable liver metastases, patients with potential resectable liver metastases, and patients with unresectable liver metastases. Within each scenario, the different strategies and therapeutic approaches are discussed. © 2019, The Author(s).},

note = {Cited by: 27; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Phelip20191357,

title = {Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): French intergroup clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatments and follow-up (SNFGE, FFCD, GERCOR, UNICANCER, SFCD, SFED, SFRO, SFR)},

author = {Jean Marc Phelip and David Tougeron and David Léonard and Leonor Benhaim and Grégoire Desolneux and Aurélien Dupré and Pierre Michel and Christophe Penna and Christophe Tournigand and Christophe Louvet and Nikki Christou and Patrick Chevallier and Anthony Dohan and Benoist Rousseaux and Olivier Bouché},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068756683&doi=10.1016%2fj.dld.2019.05.035&partnerID=40&md5=f2984a0ee0efb731c6b48030a9d3a7a5},

doi = {10.1016/j.dld.2019.05.035},

issn = {15908658},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

urldate = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Digestive and Liver Disease},

volume = {51},

number = {10},

pages = {1357 – 1363},

publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},

abstract = {Introduction: This document is a summary of the French intergroup guidelines regarding the management of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) published in January 2019, and available on the French Society of Gastroenterology website (SNFGE) (www.tncd.org). Methods: This collaborative work was realized by all French medical and surgical societies involved in the management of mCRC. Recommendations are graded in three categories (A, B and C), according to the level of evidence found in the literature, up until December 2018. Results: The management of metastatic colorectal cancer has become complex because of increasing available medical, radiological and surgical treatments alone or in combination. The therapeutic strategy should be defined before the first-line treatment, mostly depending on the presentation of the disease (resectability of the metastases, symptomatic and/or threatening disease), of the patient's condition (ECOG PS, comorbidities), and tumor biology (RAS, BRAF, MSI). The sequence of targeted therapies also seems to have an impact on the outcome (angiogenesis inhibition beyond progression). Surgical resection of metastases was the only curative intent treatment to date, joined recently by percutaneous tumor ablation tools (radiofrequency, microwave). Localized therapies such as hepatic intra-arterial infusion, radioembolization and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, also have seen their indications specified (liver-dominant disease and resectable peritoneal carcinomatosis). New treatments have been developed in heavily pretreated patients, increasing overall survival and preserving quality of life (regorafenib and trifluridine/tipiracil). Finally, immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated high efficacy in MSI mCRC. Conclusion: French guidelines for mCRC management are put together to help offer the best personalized therapeutic strategy in daily clinical practice, as the mCRC therapeutic landscape is complexifying. These recommendations are permanently being reviewed and updated. Each individual case must be discussed within a multidisciplinary team (MDT). © 2019 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l.},

note = {Cited by: 53; All Open Access, Green Open Access},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Yoshino201844,

title = {Pan-Asian adapted ESMO consensus guidelines for the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A JSMO-ESMO initiative endorsed by CSCO, KACO, MOS, SSO and TOS},

author = {T. Yoshino and D. Arnold and H. Taniguchi and G. Pentheroudakis and K. Yamazaki and R. -H. Xu and T. W. Kim and F. Ismail and I. B. Tan and K. -H. Yeh and A. Grothey and S. Zhang and J. B. Ahn and M. Y. Mastura and D. Chong and L. -T. Chen and S. Kopetz and T. Eguchi-Nakajima and H. Ebi and A. Ohtsu and A. Cervantes and K. Muro and J. Tabernero and H. Minami and F. Ciardiello and J. -Y. Douillard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041205697&doi=10.1093%2fannonc%2fmdx738&partnerID=40&md5=5d637c664b359cc8cd32e8ec1cba1421},

doi = {10.1093/annonc/mdx738},

issn = {09237534},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Oncology},

volume = {29},

number = {1},

pages = {44 – 70},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {The most recent version of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) consensus guidelines for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) was published in 2016, identifying both a more strategic approach to the administration of the available systemic therapy choices, and a greater emphasis on the use of ablative techniques, including surgery. At the 2016 ESMO Asia Meeting, in December 2016, it was decided by both ESMO and the Japanese Society of Medical Oncology (JSMO) to convene a special guidelines meeting, endorsed by both ESMO and JSMO, immediately after the JSMO 2017 Annual Meeting. The aim was to adapt the ESMO consensus guidelines to take into account the ethnic differences relating to the toxicity as well as other aspects of certain systemic treatments in patients of Asian ethnicity. These guidelines represent the consensus opinions reached by experts in the treatment of patients with mCRC identified by the Presidents of the oncological societies of Japan (JSMO), China (Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology), Korea (Korean Association for Clinical Oncology), Malaysia (Malaysian Oncological Society), Singapore (Singapore Society of Oncology) and Taiwan (Taiwan Oncology Society). The voting was based on scientific evidence and was independent of both the current treatment practices and the drug availability and reimbursement situations in the individual participating Asian countries. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology.},

note = {Cited by: 294; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Salvatore2017,

title = {Management of metastatic colorectal cancer patients: Guidelines of the Italian Medical Oncology Association (AIOM)},

author = {Lisa Salvatore and Giuseppe Aprile and Ermenegildo Arnoldi and Carlo Aschele and Carlo Carnaghi and Maurizio Cosimelli and Evaristo Maiello and Nicola Normanno and Stefania Sciallero and Francesca Valvo and Giordano D. Beretta},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052655141&doi=10.1136%2fesmoopen-2016-000147&partnerID=40&md5=d7fdc516d361e2364508029bcdcc1e89},

doi = {10.1136/esmoopen-2016-000147},

issn = {20597029},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

journal = {ESMO Open},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group},

abstract = {In the past 15 years, the outcome for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer has substantially improved owing to the availability of new cytotoxic and biological agents along with many significant advances in molecular selection, the use of personalised therapy and locoregional treatment, a more widespread sharing of specific professional experiences (multidisciplinary teams with oncologists, surgeons, radiotherapists, radiologists, biologists and pathologists), and the adoption of patient-centred healthcare strategies. The Italian Medical Oncology Association (AIOM) has developed evidence-based recommendations to help oncologists and all professionals involved in the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in their daily clinical practice. © 2018 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited.},

note = {Cited by: 27; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{VanCutsem20161386,

title = {ESMO consensus guidelines for the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer},

author = {Eric Van Cutsem and A. Cervantes and R. Adam and A. Sobrero and J. H. Van Krieken and D. Aderka and E. Aranda Aguilar and A. Bardelli and A. Benson and G. Bodoky and F. Ciardiello and A. D'Hoore and E. Diaz-Rubio and J. -Y. Douillard and M. Ducreux and A. Falcone and A. Grothey and T. Gruenberger and K. Haustermans and V. Heinemann and P. Hoff and C. -H. Köhne and R. Labianca and P. Laurent-Puig and B. Ma and T. Maughan and K. Muro and N. Normanno and P. österlund and W. J. G. Oyen and D. Papamichael and G. Pentheroudakis and P. Pfeiffer and T. J. Price and C. Punt and J. Ricke and A. Roth and R. Salazar and W. Scheithauer and H. J. Schmoll and J. Tabernero and J. Taïeb and S. Tejpar and H. Wasan and T. Yoshino and A. Zaanan and D. Arnold},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984985398&doi=10.1093%2fannonc%2fmdw235&partnerID=40&md5=37dbf8c716b4e1b60f3926e653342b08},

doi = {10.1093/annonc/mdw235},

issn = {09237534},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Oncology},

volume = {27},

number = {8},

pages = {1386 – 1422},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in Western countries. Over the last 20 years, and the last decade in particular, the clinical outcome for patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) has improved greatly due not only to an increase in the number of patients being referred for and undergoing surgical resection of their localised metastatic disease but also to a more strategic approach to the delivery of systemic therapy and an expansion in the use of ablative techniques. This reflects the increase in the number of patients that are being managed within a multidisciplinary team environment and specialist cancer centres, and the emergence over the same time period not only of improved imaging techniques but also prognostic and predictive molecular markers. Treatment decisions for patients with mCRC must be evidence-based. Thus, these ESMO consensus guidelines have been developed based on the current available evidence to provide a series of evidence-based recommendations to assist in the treatment and management of patients with mCRC in this rapidly evolving treatment setting. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved.},

note = {Cited by: 1877; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access, Green Open Access},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{VanCutsem2014iii1,

title = {Metastatic colorectal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up},

author = {E. Van Cutsem and A. Cervantes and B. Nordlinger and D. Arnold and The ESMO Guidelines Working Group},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911474269&doi=10.1093%2fannonc%2fmdu260&partnerID=40&md5=9a37923d94a2592fc2da230aac06e7de},

doi = {10.1093/annonc/mdu260},

issn = {09237534},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

urldate = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Annals of Oncology},

volume = {25},

pages = {iii1 – iii9},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

note = {Cited by: 775; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Adams201391,

title = {Selection for hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases: Expert consensus statement},

author = {Reid B. Adams and Thomas A. Aloia and Evelyne Loyer and Timothy M. Pawlik and Bachir Taouli and Jean-Nicolas Vauthey},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872185425&doi=10.1111%2fj.1477-2574.2012.00557.x&partnerID=40&md5=bf4f463420a11f6b2f7bb0d549070b2a},

doi = {10.1111/j.1477-2574.2012.00557.x},

issn = {1365182X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

urldate = {2013-01-01},

journal = {HPB},

volume = {15},

number = {2},

pages = {91 – 103},

publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {Hepatic resection offers a chance of a cure in selected patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM). To achieve adequate patient selection and curative surgery, (i) precise assessment of the extent of disease, (ii) sensitive criteria for chemotherapy effect, (iii) adequate decision making in surgical indication and (iv) an optimal surgical approach for pre-treated tumours are required. For assessment of the extent of the disease, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) is recommended depending on the local expertise and availability. Positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/CT may offer additive information in detecting extrahepatic disease. The RECIST criteria are a reasonable method to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy. However, they are imperfect in predicting a pathological response in the era of modern systemic therapy with biological agents. The assessment of radiographical morphological changes is a better surrogate of the pathological response and survival especially in the patients treated with bevacizumab. Resectability of CLM is dependent on both anatomic and oncological factors. To decrease the surgical risk, a sufficient volume of liver remnant with adequate blood perfusion and biliary drainage is required according to the degree of histopathological injury of the underlying liver. Portal vein embolization is sometimes required to decrease the surgical risk in a patient with small future liver remnant volume. As a complete radiological response does not signify a complete pathological response, liver resection should include all the site of a tumour detected prior to systemic treatment. © 2012 International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association.},

note = {Cited by: 218; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access, Green Open Access},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}