Pagina Iniziale » Fegato » Interventi Chirurgici sul Fegato » Trapianto di fegato » Criteri Milano
Criteri di Milano
Criteri di Mazzaferro
Cosa sono i criteri di Milano?
Sono semplici parametri clinici e radiologici che guidano l’indicazione al trapianto di fegato per epatocarcinoma nei pazienti che sono anche cirrotici.
Sono stati elaborati dal chirurgo italiano dell’Istituto Nazionale Tumori, di Milano, Prof. Vincenzo Mazzaferro.
In base a questi criteri, può essere posta l’indicazione al trapianto di fegato per questo tipo di tumore quando:
- nel fegato cirrotico è presente un singolo nodulo di epatocarcinoma del diametro non superiore ai 5 centimetri;
- oppure quando nel fegato cirrotico sono presenti noduli multipli di epatocarcinoma, in numero non superiore a 3, e nessuno ha dimensione superiore ai 3 centimetri;
- non vi è diffusione del tumore al di fuori del fegato del tumore;
- non vi è infiltrazione dei vasi sanguigni da parte del tumore.
Infine, in particolare nei casi di epatocarcinoma singolo o con pochi noduli, deve essere esclusa la possibilità di poter eseguire una resezione epatica convenzionale per asportare il/i tumori.
Dove e quando sono stati pubblicati i criteri di Milano?
I criteri di Milano sono apparsi sull’importante rivista scientifica “The New England Journal of Medicine” il 14 marzo 1996.
La referenza completa della voce bibliografica è:
Quali sono i punti a favore e a sfavore di questi criteri?
Questi criteri rappresentano ancora, tutt’oggi, il punto di partenza per l’indicazione al trapianto di fegato per epatocarcinoma insorto su fegato cirrotico.
Punti a favore:
- I criteri di Milano sono assai facili da applicare, visto che si basano semplicemente sul numero e sulle dimensioni dei noduli tumorali nel fegato. Questi noduli possono essere visti e contati con un esame TC o con una Risonanza. I criteri di Milano sono perciò esclusivamente criteri morfologici.
- Per questa semplicità nella loro determinazione, i criteri di Milano sono facilmente applicabili da centri chirurgici differenti fra loro, che possono in questa maniera comparare i loro risultati selezionando ammalati con caratteristiche cliniche simili.
- I criteri di Milano consentono di selezionare per il trapianto pazienti cirrotici con epatocarcinoma che possono essere trapiantati ottenendo risultati a lungo termine uguali a quelli ottenibili nei pazienti cirrotici senza tumore.
Punti a sfavore:
- L’evoluzione della medicina ha portato a rilevare che esistono molti criteri biologici alla base della aggressività delle malattie tumorali. Questi criteri non sono presenti nei criteri di Milano.
- I criteri di Milano non considerano l’eventuale risposta a terapie (mediche, chirurgiche interventistiche) che possono essere applicate in questi pazienti prima del possibile trapianto e che possono suggerire comportamenti più o meno aggressivi della malattia.
- I criteri di Milano sono molto restrittivi: consentono cioè di inserire nella lista di attesa per il trapianto un numero ristretto di ammalati. Per questo motivo molti sono i tentativi di allargare questi criteri senza peggiorare i risultati ottenibili con il trapianto per epatocarcinoma.
- Ultimo aggiornamento della pagina: 07/10/2026
Linee Guida per la Diagnosi ed il Trattamento dell'Epatocarcinoma
2025
Sangro B; Argemi J; Ronot M; Paradis V; Meyer T; Mazzaferro V; Jepsen P; Golfieri R; Galle P; Dawson L; Reig M
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma Journal Article
In: Journal of Hepatology, vol. 82, no 2, pp. 315 – 374, 2025, ISSN: 01688278, (Cited by: 35).
@article{Sangro2025315,
title = {EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma},
author = {Bruno Sangro and Josepmaria Argemi and Maxime Ronot and Valerie Paradis and Tim Meyer and Vincenzo Mazzaferro and Peter Jepsen and Rita Golfieri and Peter Galle and Laura Dawson and Maria Reig},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85214327564&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhep.2024.08.028&partnerID=40&md5=dbe11b965450d44f9d3d7ebf3d321d4f},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhep.2024.08.028},
issn = {01688278},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
urldate = {2025-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Hepatology},
volume = {82},
number = {2},
pages = {315 – 374},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for approximately 90% of primary liver cancers. Advances in diagnostic and therapeutic tools, along with improved understanding of their application, are transforming patient treatment. Integrating these innovations into clinical practice presents challenges and necessitates guidance. These clinical practice guidelines offer updated advice for managing patients with HCC and provide a comprehensive review of pertinent data. Key updates from the 2018 EASL guidelines include personalised surveillance based on individual risk assessment and the use of new tools, standardisation of liver imaging procedures and diagnostic criteria, use of minimally invasive surgery in complex cases together with updates on the integrated role of liver transplantation, transitions between surgical, locoregional, and systemic therapies, the role of radiation therapies, and the use of combination immunotherapies at various stages of disease. Above all, there is an absolute need for a multiparametric assessment of individual risks and benefits, considering the patient's perspective, by a multidisciplinary team encompassing various specialties. © 2024 European Association for the Study of the Liver},
note = {Cited by: 35},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kodali S; Kulik L; D'Allessio A; Martin E D; Hakeem A R; Lewinska M; Lindsey S; Liu K; Maravic Z; Patel M S; Pinato D; Rammohan A; Rich N; Zamparelli M S; Victor D W; Vinaxia C; Brombosz E W; Villanueva A; Meyer T; Selzner N; Ghobrial R M; Rela M; Sapisochin G; Abdelrahim M; Agopian V; Balci D; Bruix J; Bekaii-Saab T S; Berenguer M; Bhangui P; Bhoori S; Chan A C Y; Chan S L; Chieh A K W; Durand F; Eghtesad B; Elsabbagh A; Halazun K J; Javle M; Hibi T; Jung D; Khalili K; Lee J M; Lewandowski R; Line P D; Llovet J M; Mazzaferro V; Mas V; Mehta N; Morement H; O'Kane G; Paradis V; Parikh N; Pillai A; Polak W; Pomposelli J; Rimassa L; Singal A; Soin A S; Tabrizian P; Toso C; Valle J; Vibert E; Vogel A; Rossi J Z; Watt K; Woods A W
The 2024 ILTS-ILCA consensus recommendations for liver transplantation for HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Journal Article
In: Liver Transplantation, vol. 31, no 6, pp. 815 – 831, 2025, ISSN: 15276465, (Cited by: 5).
@article{Kodali2025815,
title = {The 2024 ILTS-ILCA consensus recommendations for liver transplantation for HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma},
author = {Sudha Kodali and Laura Kulik and Antonio D'Allessio and Eleonora De Martin and Abdul Rahman Hakeem and Monica Lewinska and Stacie Lindsey and Ken Liu and Zorana Maravic and Madhukar S. Patel and David Pinato and Ashwin Rammohan and Nicole Rich and Marco Sanduzzi Zamparelli and David W. Victor and Carmen Vinaxia and Elizabeth W. Brombosz and Augusto Villanueva and Tim Meyer and Nazia Selzner and Rafik Mark Ghobrial and Mohamed Rela and Gonzalo Sapisochin and Maen Abdelrahim and Vatche Agopian and Deniz Balci and Jordi Bruix and Tanios S. Bekaii-Saab and Marina Berenguer and Prashant Bhangui and Sherrie Bhoori and Albert Chi Yan Chan and Stephen L. Chan and Alfred Kow Wei Chieh and Francois Durand and Bijan Eghtesad and Ahmed Elsabbagh and Karim J. Halazun and Milind Javle and Taizo Hibi and Dong-Hwan Jung and Korosh Khalili and Jeong Min Lee and Robert Lewandowski and Pal Dag Line and Josep Maria Llovet and Vincenzo Mazzaferro and Valeria Mas and Neil Mehta and Helen Morement and Grainne O'Kane and Valerie Paradis and Neehar Parikh and Anjana Pillai and Wojtek Polak and James Pomposelli and Lorenza Rimassa and Amit Singal and Arvinder Singh Soin and Parissa Tabrizian and Christian Toso and Juan Valle and Eric Vibert and Arndt Vogel and Jessica Zucman Rossi and Kymberly Watt and Andrea Wilson Woods},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-86000331526&doi=10.1097%2fLVT.0000000000000589&partnerID=40&md5=10e3036c9ee0a41c6b66ff876d53ca2c},
doi = {10.1097/LVT.0000000000000589},
issn = {15276465},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
urldate = {2025-01-01},
journal = {Liver Transplantation},
volume = {31},
number = {6},
pages = {815 – 831},
publisher = {Lippincott Williams and Wilkins},
abstract = {Liver transplantation (LT) provides the best long-term survival outcomes for patients with liver cancer. As a result, the field of transplant oncology has grown greatly over the past few decades, and many centers have expanded their criteria to allow increased access to LT for liver malignancies. Center-level guidelines and practices in transplant oncology significantly vary across the world, leading to debate regarding the best course of treatment for this patient population. An international consensus conference was convened by the International Liver Transplantation Society and the International Liver Cancer Association on February 1-2, 2024, in Valencia, Spain to establish a more universal consensus regarding LT for oncologic indications. The conference followed the Delphi process, followed by an external expert review. Consensus statements were accepted regarding patient assessment and waitlisting criteria, pretransplant treatment (including immunotherapy) and downstaging, living donor LT, post-LT patient management, and patient-and caregiver-related outcomes. The multidisciplinary participants in the consensus conference provided up-to-date recommendations regarding the selection and management of patients with liver cancer being considered for LT. Although participants deferred to center protocols in many cases, there was great interest in safely expanding access to LT for patients with larger tumor burden and biologically amenable lesions. Copyright © 2025 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.},
note = {Cited by: 5},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vogel A; Chan S L; Dawson L A; Kelley R K; Llovet J M; Meyer T; Ricke J; Rimassa L; Sapisochin G; Vilgrain V; Zucman-Rossi J; Ducreux M
Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up Journal Article
In: Annals of Oncology, vol. 36, no 5, pp. 491 – 506, 2025, ISSN: 09237534, (Cited by: 52).
@article{Vogel2025491,
title = {Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up},
author = {A. Vogel and S. L. Chan and L. A. Dawson and R. K. Kelley and J. M. Llovet and T. Meyer and J. Ricke and L. Rimassa and G. Sapisochin and V. Vilgrain and J. Zucman-Rossi and M. Ducreux},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105000080582&doi=10.1016%2fj.annonc.2025.02.006&partnerID=40&md5=28fd6f1a58d5fc8cdcab213736574dc4},
doi = {10.1016/j.annonc.2025.02.006},
issn = {09237534},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
urldate = {2025-01-01},
journal = {Annals of Oncology},
volume = {36},
number = {5},
pages = {491 – 506},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
note = {Cited by: 52},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2024
Suddle A; Reeves H; Hubner R; Marshall A; Rowe I; Tiniakos D; Hubscher S; Callaway M; Sharma D; See T C; Hawkins M; Ford-Dunn S; Selemani S; Meyer T
British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults Journal Article
In: Gut, vol. 73, no 8, pp. 1235 – 1268, 2024, ISSN: 00175749, (Cited by: 36; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access, Green Open Access).
@article{Suddle20241235,
title = {British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults},
author = {Abid Suddle and Helen Reeves and Richard Hubner and Aileen Marshall and Ian Rowe and Dina Tiniakos and Stefan Hubscher and Mark Callaway and Dinesh Sharma and Teik Choon See and Maria Hawkins and Suzanne Ford-Dunn and Sarah Selemani and Tim Meyer},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85191381029&doi=10.1136%2fgutjnl-2023-331695&partnerID=40&md5=c42f33245260374bc9622e457f13f708},
doi = {10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331695},
issn = {00175749},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Gut},
volume = {73},
number = {8},
pages = {1235 – 1268},
publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group},
abstract = {Deaths from the majority of cancers are falling globally, but the incidence and mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in the United Kingdom and in other Western countries. HCC is a highly fatal cancer, often diagnosed late, with an incidence to mortality ratio that approaches 1. Despite there being a number of treatment options, including those associated with good medium to long-term survival, 5-year survival from HCC in the UK remains below 20%. Sex, ethnicity and deprivation are important demographics for the incidence of, and/or survival from, HCC. These clinical practice guidelines will provide evidence-based advice for the assessment and management of patients with HCC. The clinical and scientific data underpinning the recommendations we make are summarised in detail. Much of the content will have broad relevance, but the treatment algorithms are based on therapies that are available in the UK and have regulatory approval for use in the National Health Service. © 2024 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
note = {Cited by: 36; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access, Green Open Access},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cabibbo G; Daniele B; Borzio M; Casadei-Gardini A; Cillo U; Colli A; Conforti M; Dadduzio V; Dionisi F; Farinati F; Gardini I; Giannini E G; Golfieri R; Guido M; Mega A; Minozzi S; Piscaglia F; Rimassa L; Romanini L; Pecorelli A; Sacco R; Scorsetti M; Viganò L; Vitale A; Trevisani F
In: Digestive and Liver Disease, vol. 56, no 2, pp. 223 – 234, 2024, ISSN: 15908658, (Cited by: 18).
@article{Cabibbo2024223,
title = {Multidisciplinary Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in 2023: Italian practice Treatment Guidelines of the AISF, AIOM, AICEP, AIGO, AIRO, SIAPeC-IAP, SIC, SIGE, SIRM, SITO and EpaC – Part I – Surgical treatments},
author = {Giuseppe Cabibbo and Bruno Daniele and Mauro Borzio and Andrea Casadei-Gardini and Umberto Cillo and Agostino Colli and Massimiliano Conforti and Vincenzo Dadduzio and Francesco Dionisi and Fabio Farinati and Ivan Gardini and Edoardo Giovanni Giannini and Rita Golfieri and Maria Guido and Andrea Mega and Silvia Minozzi and Fabio Piscaglia and Lorenza Rimassa and Laura Romanini and Anna Pecorelli and Rodolfo Sacco and Marta Scorsetti and Luca Viganò and Alessandro Vitale and Franco Trevisani},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85178373846&doi=10.1016%2fj.dld.2023.10.029&partnerID=40&md5=da21465166c81772b78efd775623eec8},
doi = {10.1016/j.dld.2023.10.029},
issn = {15908658},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Digestive and Liver Disease},
volume = {56},
number = {2},
pages = {223 – 234},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death. The remarkable improvements in treating HCC achieved in the last years have increased the complexity of HCC management. Following the need to have updated guidelines on the multidisciplinary treatment management of HCC, the Italian Scientific Societies involved in the management of this cancer have promoted the drafting of a new dedicated document. This document was drawn up according to the GRADE methodology needed to produce guidelines based on evidence. Here is presented the first part of guidelines, focused on the multidisciplinary tumor board of experts and surgical treatments of HCC. © 2023 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l.},
note = {Cited by: 18},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cabibbo G; Daniele B; Borzio M; Casadei-Gardini A; Cillo U; Colli A; Conforti M; Dadduzio V; Dionisi F; Farinati F; Gardini I; Giannini E G; Golfieri R; Guido M; Mega A; Cinquini M; Piscaglia F; Rimassa L; Romanini L; Pecorelli A; Sacco R; Scorsetti M; Viganò L; Vitale A; Trevisani F
In: Digestive and Liver Disease, vol. 56, no 3, pp. 394 – 405, 2024, ISSN: 15908658, (Cited by: 14; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access).
@article{Cabibbo2024394,
title = {Multidisciplinary Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in 2023: Italian practice Treatment Guidelines of the AISF, AIOM, AICEP, AIGO, AIRO, SIAPeC-IAP, SIC, SIGE, SIRM, SITO and EpaC – Part II – Non-surgical treatments},
author = {Giuseppe Cabibbo and Bruno Daniele and Mauro Borzio and Andrea Casadei-Gardini and Umberto Cillo and Agostino Colli and Massimiliano Conforti and Vincenzo Dadduzio and Francesco Dionisi and Fabio Farinati and Ivan Gardini and Edoardo Giovanni Giannini and Rita Golfieri and Maria Guido and Andrea Mega and Michela Cinquini and Fabio Piscaglia and Lorenza Rimassa and Laura Romanini and Anna Pecorelli and Rodolfo Sacco and Marta Scorsetti and Luca Viganò and Alessandro Vitale and Franco Trevisani},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185215717&doi=10.1016%2fj.dld.2023.10.028&partnerID=40&md5=6ca85ea33e3f4775cd945783c9d5450d},
doi = {10.1016/j.dld.2023.10.028},
issn = {15908658},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
urldate = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Digestive and Liver Disease},
volume = {56},
number = {3},
pages = {394 – 405},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death. The remarkable improvements in treating HCC achieved in the last years have increased the complexity of its management. Following the need to have updated guidelines on the multidisciplinary treatment management of HCC, the Italian Scientific Societies involved in the management of this cancer have promoted the drafting of a new dedicated document. This document was drawn up according to the GRADE methodology needed to produce guidelines based on evidence. Here is presented the second part of guidelines, focused on the multidisciplinary tumor board of experts and non-surgical treatments of HCC. © 2023 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l.},
note = {Cited by: 14; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2023
Singal A G; Llovet J M; Yarchoan M; Mehta N; Heimbach J K; Dawson L A; Jou J H; Kulik L M; Agopian V G; Marrero J A; Mendiratta-Lala M; Brown D B; Rilling W S; Goyal L; Wei A C; Taddei T H
AASLD practice guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma Journal Article
In: Hepatology, 2023.
@article{Singal2023-tf,
title = {AASLD practice guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma},
author = {Amit G Singal and Josep M Llovet and Mark Yarchoan and Neil Mehta and Julie K Heimbach and Laura A Dawson and Janice H Jou and Laura M Kulik and Vatche G Agopian and Jorge A Marrero and Mishal Mendiratta-Lala and Daniel B Brown and William S Rilling and Lipika Goyal and Alice C Wei and Tamar H Taddei},
url = {https://journals.lww.com/hep/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?trckng_src_pg=ArticleViewer&an=01515467-990000000-00441},
doi = {10.1097/HEP.0000000000000466},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-01},
urldate = {2023-05-01},
journal = {Hepatology},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Borzio M; Cabibbo G; Gardini A C; Cillo U; Colli A; Conforti M; Dadduzio V; Daniele B; Dionisi F; Farinati F; Gardini I; Giannini E G; Golfieri R; Guido M; Mega A; Piscaglia F; Rimassa L; Romanini L; Pecorelli A; Sacco R; Scorsetti M; Trevisani F; Viganò L; Vitale A; Cinquini M; Minozzi S; Monteforte M; Fittipaldo V A
Gestione multidisciplinare del paziente con epatocarcinoma. Working paper
2023, (La LG ha superato la valutazione con AGREE II; se ne raccomanda l'utilizzo.).
@workingpaper{nokey,
title = {Gestione multidisciplinare del paziente con epatocarcinoma.},
author = {Mauro Borzio and Giuseppe Cabibbo and Andrea Casadei Gardini and Umberto Cillo and Agostino Colli and Massimiliano Conforti and Vincenzo Dadduzio and Bruno Daniele and Francesco Dionisi and Fabio Farinati and Ivan Gardini and Edoardo Giovanni Giannini and Rita Golfieri and Maria Guido and Andrea Mega and Fabio Piscaglia and Lorenza Rimassa and Laura Romanini and Anna Pecorelli and Rodolfo Sacco and Marta Scorsetti and Franco Trevisani and Luca Viganò and Alessandro Vitale and Michela Cinquini and Silvia Minozzi and Marta Monteforte and Veronica Andrea Fittipaldo},
editor = {SISTEMA NAZIONALE LINEE GUIDA DELL’ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ},
url = {https://snlg.iss.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/LG97_AISF-AIOM_Epatocarcinoma.pdf},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-02-20},
note = {La LG ha superato la valutazione con AGREE II; se ne raccomanda l'utilizzo.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}
Zhou J; Sun H; Wang Z; Cong W; Zeng M; Zhou W; Bie P; Liu L; Wen T; Kuang M; Han G; Yan Z; Wang M; Liu R; Lu L; Ren Z; Zeng Z; Liang P; Liang C; Chen M; Yan F; Wang W; Hou J; Ji Y; Yun J; Bai X; Cai D; Chen W; Chen Y; Cheng W; Cheng S; Dai C; Guo W; Guo Y; Hua B; Huang X; Jia W; Li Q; Li T; Li X; Li Y; Li Y; Liang J; Ling C; Liu T; Liu X; Lu S; Lv G; Mao Y; Meng Z; Peng T; Ren W; Shi H; Shi G; Shi M; Song T; Tao K; Wang J; Wang K; Wang L; Wang W; Wang X; Wang Z; Xiang B; Xing B; Xu J; Yang J; Yang J; Yang Y; Yang Y; Ye S; Yin Z; Zeng Y; Zhang B; Zhang B; Zhang L; Zhang S; Zhang T; Zhang Y; Zhao M; Zhao Y; Zheng H; Zhou L; Zhu J; Zhu K; Liu R; Shi Y; Xiao Y; Zhang L; Yang C; Wu Z; Dai Z; Chen M; Cai J; Wang W; Cai X; Li Q; Shen F; Qin S; Teng G; Dong J; Fan J
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer (2022 Edition) Journal Article
In: Liver Cancer, vol. 12, no 5, pp. 405 – 444, 2023, ISSN: 22351795, (Cited by: 68; All Open Access, Gold Open Access).
@article{Zhou2023405,
title = {Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer (2022 Edition)},
author = {Jian Zhou and Huichuan Sun and Zheng Wang and Wenming Cong and Mengsu Zeng and Weiping Zhou and Ping Bie and Lianxin Liu and Tianfu Wen and Ming Kuang and Guohong Han and Zhiping Yan and Maoqiang Wang and Ruibao Liu and Ligong Lu and Zhenggang Ren and Zhaochong Zeng and Ping Liang and Changhong Liang and Min Chen and Fuhua Yan and Wenping Wang and Jinlin Hou and Yuan Ji and Jingping Yun and Xueli Bai and Dingfang Cai and Weixia Chen and Yongjun Chen and Wenwu Cheng and Shuqun Cheng and Chaoliu Dai and Wenzhi Guo and Yabing Guo and Baojin Hua and Xiaowu Huang and Weidong Jia and Qiu Li and Tao Li and Xun Li and Yaming Li and Yexiong Li and Jun Liang and Changquan Ling and Tianshu Liu and Xiufeng Liu and Shichun Lu and Guoyue Lv and Yilei Mao and Zhiqiang Meng and Tao Peng and Weixin Ren and Hongcheng Shi and Guoming Shi and Ming Shi and Tianqiang Song and Kaishan Tao and Jianhua Wang and Kui Wang and Lu Wang and Wentao Wang and Xiaoying Wang and Zhiming Wang and Bangde Xiang and Baocai Xing and Jianming Xu and Jiamei Yang and Jianyong Yang and Yefa Yang and Yunke Yang and Shenglong Ye and Zhenyu Yin and Yong Zeng and Bixiang Zhang and Boheng Zhang and Leida Zhang and Shuijun Zhang and Ti Zhang and Yanqiao Zhang and Ming Zhao and Yongfu Zhao and Honggang Zheng and Ledu Zhou and Jiye Zhu and Kangshun Zhu and Rong Liu and Yinghong Shi and Yongsheng Xiao and Lan Zhang and Chun Yang and Zhifeng Wu and Zhi Dai and Minshan Chen and Jianqiang Cai and Weilin Wang and Xiujun Cai and Qiang Li and Feng Shen and Shukui Qin and Gaojun Teng and Jiahong Dong and Jia Fan},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85166339316&doi=10.1159%2f000530495&partnerID=40&md5=857bd08052595cac571d102fa8836ffd},
doi = {10.1159/000530495},
issn = {22351795},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Liver Cancer},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {405 – 444},
publisher = {S. Karger AG},
abstract = {Background: Primary liver cancer, of which around 75-85% is hepatocellular carcinoma in China, is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of tumor-related death, thereby posing a significant threat to the life and health of the Chinese people. Summary: Since the publication of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer in China in June 2017, which were updated by the National Health Commission in December 2019, additional high-quality evidence has emerged from researchers worldwide regarding the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of liver cancer, that requires the guidelines to be updated again. The new edition (2022 Edition) was written by more than 100 experts in the field of liver cancer in China, which not only reflects the real-world situation in China but also may reshape the nationwide diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. Key Messages: The new guideline aims to encourage the implementation of evidence-based practice and improve the national average 5-year survival rate for patients with liver cancer, as proposed in the "Health China 2030 Blueprint." © 2023 S. Karger AG. All rights reserved.},
note = {Cited by: 68; All Open Access, Gold Open Access},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2022
Su G L; Altayar O; O'Shea R; Shah R; Estfan B; Wenzell C; Sultan S; Falck-Ytter Y
AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Journal Article
In: Gastroenterology, vol. 162, no 3, pp. 920 – 934, 2022, ISSN: 00165085, (Cited by: 7; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access).
@article{Su2022920,
title = {AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
author = {Grace L. Su and Osama Altayar and Robert O'Shea and Raj Shah and Bassam Estfan and Candice Wenzell and Shahnaz Sultan and Yngve Falck-Ytter},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125309277&doi=10.1053%2fj.gastro.2021.12.276&partnerID=40&md5=a1859600a1f8fbfe3313b5ac84e921fb},
doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.276},
issn = {00165085},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
volume = {162},
number = {3},
pages = {920 – 934},
publisher = {W.B. Saunders},
abstract = {Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, remains a deadly cancer, with an incidence that has tripled in the United States since 1980. In recent years, new systemic therapies for HCC have been approved and a critical assessment of the existing data is necessary to balance benefits and harms and inform the development of evidence-based guidelines. Methods: The American Gastroenterological Association formed a multidisciplinary group consisting of a Technical Review Panel and a Guideline Panel. The Technical Review Panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and patients and conducted an evidence review of systemic therapies in patients with advanced-stage HCC. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework was used to assess evidence. The Guideline Panel reviewed the evidence and used the Evidence-to-Decision Framework to develop recommendations. Results: The Panel reviewed the evidence, summarized in the Technical Review, for the following medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for HCC: first-line therapies: bevacizumab+atezolizumab, sorafenib, and lenvatinib; second-line therapies: cabozantinib, pembrolizumab, ramucirumab, and regorafenib; and other agents: bevacizumab, nivolumab, and nivolumab+ipilimumab. Conclusions: The Panel agreed on 11 recommendations focused on systemic therapy for HCC in patients who are not eligible for locoregional therapy or resection, those with metastatic disease and preserved liver function, those with poor liver function, and those on systemic therapy as adjuvant therapy. © 2022},
note = {Cited by: 7; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Reig M; Forner A; Rimola J; Ferrer-Fàbrega J; Burrel M; Garcia-Criado Á; Kelley R K; Galle P R; Mazzaferro V; Salem R; Sangro B; Singal A G; Vogel A; Fuster J; Ayuso C; Bruix J
BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: The 2022 update Journal Article
In: Journal of Hepatology, vol. 76, no 3, pp. 681 – 693, 2022, ISSN: 01688278, (Cited by: 118; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access).
@article{Reig2022681,
title = {BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: The 2022 update},
author = {Maria Reig and Alejandro Forner and Jordi Rimola and Joana Ferrer-Fàbrega and Marta Burrel and Ángeles Garcia-Criado and Robin K. Kelley and Peter R. Galle and Vincenzo Mazzaferro and Riad Salem and Bruno Sangro and Amit G. Singal and Arndt Vogel and Josep Fuster and Carmen Ayuso and Jordi Bruix},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123587056&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhep.2021.11.018&partnerID=40&md5=36b700ec2237537cabf51cf558f1201c},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.018},
issn = {01688278},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Hepatology},
volume = {76},
number = {3},
pages = {681 – 693},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {There have been major advances in the armamentarium for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) since the last official update of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer prognosis and treatment strategy published in 2018. Whilst there have been advances in all areas, we will focus on those that have led to a change in strategy and we will discuss why, despite being encouraging, data for select interventions are still too immature for them to be incorporated into an evidence-based model for clinicians and researchers. Finally, we describe the critical insight and expert knowledge that are required to make clinical decisions for individual patients, considering all of the parameters that must be considered to deliver personalised clinical management. © 2021 European Association for the Study of the Liver},
note = {Cited by: 118; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sun J; Guo R; Bi X; Wu M; Tang Z; Lau W Y; Zheng S; Wang X; Yu J; Chen X; Fan J; Dong J; Chen Y; Cui Y; Dai C; Fang C; Feng S; Ji Z; Jia W; Jia N; Li G; Li J; Li Q; Li J; Liang T; Liu L; Lu S; Lv Y; Mao Y; Meng Y; Meng Z; Shen F; Shi J; Sun H; Tao K; Teng G; Wan X; Wen T; Wu L; Xia J; Ying M; Zhai J; Zhang L; Zhang X; Zhang Z; Zhao H; Zheng D; Zhi X; Zhou J; Zhou C; Zhou J; Zeng Z; Zhu K; Chen M; Cai J; Cheng S
Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus in China (2021 Edition) Journal Article
In: Liver Cancer, vol. 11, no 4, pp. 315 – 328, 2022, ISSN: 22351795, (Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access).
@article{Sun2022315,
title = {Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus in China (2021 Edition)},
author = {Juxian Sun and Rongping Guo and Xinyu Bi and Mengchao Wu and Zhaoyou Tang and Wan Yee Lau and Shusen Zheng and Xuehao Wang and Jinming Yu and Xiaoping Chen and Jia Fan and Jiahong Dong and Yongjun Chen and Yunfu Cui and Chaoliu Dai and Chihua Fang and Shuang Feng and Zhili Ji and Weidong Jia and Ningyang Jia and Gong Li and Jing Li and Qiu Li and Jiangtao Li and Tingbo Liang and Lianxin Liu and Shichun Lu and Yi Lv and Yilei Mao and Yan Meng and Zhiqiang Meng and Feng Shen and Jie Shi and Huichuan Sun and Kaishan Tao and Gaojun Teng and Xuying Wan and Tianfu Wen and Liqun Wu and Jinglin Xia and Mingang Ying and Jian Zhai and Leida Zhang and Xuewen Zhang and Zhiwei Zhang and Haiping Zhao and Donghai Zheng and Xuting Zhi and Jie Zhou and Cuncai Zhou and Jian Zhou and Zhaochong Zeng and Kangshun Zhu and Minshan Chen and Jianqiang Cai and Shuqun Cheng},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134527843&doi=10.1159%2f000523997&partnerID=40&md5=357f3f94ca73ee3dda1e4f3b0fbfb828},
doi = {10.1159/000523997},
issn = {22351795},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Liver Cancer},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {315 – 328},
publisher = {S. Karger AG},
abstract = {Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is very common and it plays a major role in the prognosis and clinical staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have published the first version of the guideline in 2016 and revised in 2018. Over the past several years, many new evidences for the treatment of PVTT become available, especially for the advent of new targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors which have further improved the prognosis of PVTT. So, the Chinese Association of Liver Cancer and Chinese Medical Doctor Association revised the 2018 version of the guideline to adapt to the development of PVTT treatment. Future treatment strategies for HCC with PVTT in China would depend on new evidences from more future clinical trials. © 2022 The Author(s).},
note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Park J
2022 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma Journal Article
In: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, vol. 28, no 4, pp. 583 – 705, 2022, ISSN: 22872728, (Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access).
@article{Park2022583,
title = {2022 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma},
author = {Joong-Won Park},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142044076&doi=10.3350%2fcmh.2022.0294&partnerID=40&md5=b5838b9c54cd59840bce79bac3c51b7c},
doi = {10.3350/cmh.2022.0294},
issn = {22872728},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Clinical and Molecular Hepatology},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {583 – 705},
publisher = {Korean Association for the Study of the Liver},
abstract = {Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cancer among men in South Korea, where the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection is high in middle and old age. The current practice guidelines will provide useful and sensible advice for the clinical management of patients with HCC. A total of 49 experts in the fields of hepatology, oncology, surgery, radiology, and radiation oncology from the Korean Liver Cancer Association-National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guideline Revision Committee revised the 2018 Korean guidelines and developed new recommendations that integrate the most up-to-date research findings and expert opinions. These guidelines provide useful information and direction for all clinicians, trainees, and researchers in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. © 2022 by Korean Association for the Study of the Liver.},
note = {Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2021
Kudo M; Kawamura Y; Hasegawa K; Tateishi R; Kariyama K; Shiina S; Toyoda H; Imai Y; Hiraoka A; Ikeda M; Izumi N; Moriguchi M; Ogasawara S; Minami Y; Ueshima K; Murakami T; Miyayama S; Nakashima O; Yano H; Sakamoto M; Hatano E; Shimada M; Kokudo N; Mochida S; Takehara T
Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan: JSH consensus statements and recommendations 2021 update Journal Article
In: Liver Cancer, vol. 10, no 3, pp. 181 – 223, 2021, ISSN: 22351795, (Cited by: 61; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access).
@article{Kudo2021181,
title = {Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan: JSH consensus statements and recommendations 2021 update},
author = {Masatoshi Kudo and Yusuke Kawamura and Kiyoshi Hasegawa and Ryosuke Tateishi and Kazuya Kariyama and Shuichiro Shiina and Hidenori Toyoda and Yasuharu Imai and Atsushi Hiraoka and Masafumi Ikeda and Namiki Izumi and Michihisa Moriguchi and Sadahisa Ogasawara and Yasunori Minami and Kazuomi Ueshima and Takamichi Murakami and Shiro Miyayama and Osamu Nakashima and Hirohisa Yano and Michiie Sakamoto and Etsuro Hatano and Mitsuo Shimada and Norihiro Kokudo and Satoshi Mochida and Tetsuo Takehara},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105634250&doi=10.1159%2f000514174&partnerID=40&md5=8f759fcb356b1e2690a392ba93be7b24},
doi = {10.1159/000514174},
issn = {22351795},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Liver Cancer},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {181 – 223},
publisher = {S. Karger AG},
abstract = {The Clinical Practice Manual for Hepatocellular Carcinoma was published based on evidence confirmed by the Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma along with consensus opinion among a Japan Society of Hepatology (JSH) expert panel on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since the JSH Clinical Practice Guidelines are based on original articles with extremely high levels of evidence, expert opinions on HCC management in clinical practice or consensus on newly developed treatments are not included. However, the practice manual incorporates the literature based on clinical data, expert opinion, and real-world clinical practice currently conducted in Japan to facilitate its use by clinicians. Alongside each revision of the JSH Guidelines, we issued an update to the manual, with the first edition of the manual published in 2007, the second edition in 2010, the third edition in 2015, and the fourth edition in 2020, which includes the 2017 edition of the JSH Guideline. This article is an excerpt from the fourth edition of the HCC Clinical Practice Manual focusing on pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC. It is designed as a practical manual different from the latest version of the JSH Clinical Practice Guidelines. This practice manual was written by an expert panel from the JSH, with emphasis on the consensus statements and recommendations for the management of HCC proposed by the JSH expert panel. In this article, we included newly developed clinical practices that are relatively common among Japanese experts in this field, although all of their statements are not associated with a high level of evidence, but these practices are likely to be incorporated into guidelines in the future. To write this article, coauthors from different institutions drafted the content and then critically reviewed each other's work. The revised content was then critically reviewed by the Board of Directors and the Planning and Public Relations Committee of JSH before publication to confirm the consensus statements and recommendations. The consensus statements and recommendations presented in this report represent measures actually being conducted at the highest-level HCC treatment centers in Japan. We hope this article provides insight into the actual situation of HCC practice in Japan, thereby affecting the global practice pattern in the management of HCC. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.},
note = {Cited by: 61; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vogel A; Martinelli E; Cervantes A; Chau I; Daniele B; Llovet J M; Meyer T; Nault J -C; Neumann U; Ricke J; Sangro B; Schirmacher P; Verslype C; Zech C J; Arnold D
Updated treatment recommendations for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from the ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines Journal Article
In: Annals of Oncology, vol. 32, no 6, pp. 801 – 805, 2021, ISSN: 09237534, (Cited by: 70; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access).
@article{Vogel2021801,
title = {Updated treatment recommendations for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from the ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines},
author = {A. Vogel and E. Martinelli and A. Cervantes and I. Chau and B. Daniele and J. M. Llovet and T. Meyer and J. -C. Nault and U. Neumann and J. Ricke and B. Sangro and P. Schirmacher and C. Verslype and C. J. Zech and D. Arnold},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104668795&doi=10.1016%2fj.annonc.2021.02.014&partnerID=40&md5=e7c9623620b0597e51ad4ccbb55fcfaf},
doi = {10.1016/j.annonc.2021.02.014},
issn = {09237534},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Annals of Oncology},
volume = {32},
number = {6},
pages = {801 – 805},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
note = {Cited by: 70; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

